import math
number = -25

print(abs(number))       # Output: 25
print(math.copysign(10, -1))  # Output: -10.0

25
-10.0

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def area(self):
        return 10 * 5

shape = Rectangle()
print(shape.area())

50

employee = {"id": 101, "name": "John", "role": "Developer"}

print(employee["name"])        # Output: John
print(employee.get("role"))    # Output: Developer

John
Developer

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

print(fruits[0])   # First element
print(fruits[-1])  # Last element

apple
orange

x = 100

print(globals()["x"])  # Output: 100

100

def demo():
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print(locals())

demo()

{'a': 10, 'b': 20}

import csv

with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
    reader = csv.DictReader(file)
    for row in reader:
        print(row["Name"], row["Age"])

Alice 23
Bob 30

text = "Python"

print(text[0])    # P
print(text[-1])   # n

P
n

colors = ("red", "green", "blue")

print(colors[0])    # First element
print(colors[-1])   # Last element

red
blue

import pandas as pd

data = {
    'city' : ['Toronto', 'Montreal', 'Waterloo'],
    'points' : [80, 70, 90]
}

data

{'city': ['Toronto', 'Montreal', 'Waterloo'], 'points': [80, 70, 90]}

type(data)

dict

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

df